THE SPELLING RULES OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE IN 1923 AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE SPELLING OF BAITURSYNULY

Just as every language has its history, it also has a history of symbolic meaning – letters and spelling rules. The writing culture of a particular country, people, or nation with a national language covers several epochs and historicalperiods. It is known that the Kazakh national script has been formed since 1912 in connection with the name of Akhmet Baitursynuly and is still being updated, improved, and developed every year. Therefore, each stage of the development of the spelling rules of the Kazakh language is very important both for linguistics and for the future of Kazakh writing. The article analyzes the history and scientific significance of the "New Spelling Rule of the Kazakh language", consisting of 13 articles describing the beginning of the "national stage" of Akhmet Baitursynuly's letter reform, published by the Council of Education of the Academic Center at the Educational Commissariat of the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (KazASSR) in 1923. In particular, there are analysed such topical issues as the scientific and social prerequisites that led to the adoption of this provision, its connection with the Baytursynuly’s spelling in 1912, the scientific basis and meaning of each article, achievements and disadvantages, prerequisites for the adoption of this spelling rule by the Education Commission under the People's Commissariat of Education of the Turkestan Autonomy, the reasons for the reduction of some paragraphs, conclusions of the Kazakh intelligentsia about this situation.

1. Baitursynuly A. (1918) «Tіl-qural». Qazaq tіlіnіn sarfy. 1-zhyldyq ["Language-tool". Phonetics of the Kazakh language. 1st year]. – Tashkent: Commissariat of Public Education of the Republic of Turkestan, 1918. – 42 p. (in Kazakh)

2. Baitursynuly A. (1913) Oqu quraly. Qazaqtan basqa turkі, arab, parsy sozderіne zhazylatyn qarіpterdі uiretu ushіn һam oquga toselu ushіn tartіp etіlgen Alfbaga zhalgas 2-kіtap [Educational tool. 2nd book of the ordered alphabet to teach the writing fonts for Turkish, Arabic, Persian words in addition to Kazakh and to prepare for reading]. – Orynbor: "Kerimov, Huseyinov" publishing house, 1913. – 49 p. (in Kazakh)

3. Baitursynuly A. (1920) Oqu quraly. Usul sutia zholymen tartіp etіlgen qazaqsha alfbaga Baianshy [Educational tool. Narrator of the Kazakh alphabet arranged according to the method of sutiye]. – Qazan: "B-Ya" state publishing house, 1920. – 15 p. (in Kazakh)

4. Baitursynuly A. (1920) «Tіl-qural». Qazaq tіlіnіn sarfy. 1-zhyldyq. 2-basyluy [Language-tool. Phonetics of the Kazakh language. 2nd year]. – Tashkent: Government publishing house of the Republic of Turkestan, 1920. – 96 p. (in Kazakh)

5. Baitursynuly A. (1920) «Tіl-qural». Qazaq tіlіnіn sarfy. 1-zhyldyq. 2-basyluy ["Language-tool". The use of the Kazakh language. 1st year. 2nd edition]. – October: "Lito-Tipography UMID", 1920. – 49 p. (in Kazakh)

6. Baitursynuly A. (1924) «Tіl-qural». Dybys zany һam turlerі. 1-tіltanytqysh kіtap. 4-basyluy ["Language tool" (Law and types of sound. The first book of language education, 4th edition)]. – Orinbor: Department of the State Press of Kazakhstan, 1924. – 46 p. (in Kazakh)

7. Baitursynuly A. (1923) «Tіl-qural». Dybys zany һam turlerі. 1-tіltanytqysh kіtap. 3-basyluy ["Language tool". Law and types of sound. The first language book, 3rd edition]. – Orinbor: Department of the State Press of Kazakhstan, 1923. – 46 p. (in Kazakh)

8. Baitursynuly A. (1922) «Tіl-qural». Qazaq tіlіnіn sarfy. 1-zhyldyq ["Language-tool". Phonetics of the Kazakh language. 1st year]. – Tashkent: Turkistan State Publishing House, 1922. – 96 p. (in Kazakh)

9. Baitursynuly A. (1914) «Tіl-qural». Qazaq tіlіnіn sarfy. 1-zhyldyq. 1-basyluy ["Language-tool". Phonetics of the Kazakh language. 1st year. 1st edition]. – Orynbor: "G.G. The printing press of Husayinov ushrka", 1914. – 53 p. (in Kazakh)

10. А.Б. (Ahmet Baitursynuly). (1913) Zhazu maselesi [Writing problem]. – "Kazakh" newspaper. – 1913. – No.34. – No.35. – No.36. (in Kazakh)

11. А.Б. (Ahmet Baitursynuly). (1912) Zhazu tartibi [Order of writing]. – "Aykap" magazine. – 1912. – No.4-5. (in Kazakh)

12. Baitursynuly A. (1913) Zhazu zhondeu [Editing]. – "Kazakh" newspaper. – 1913. – No43. (in Kazakh)

13. Amirzhanova N., Absadyq A. (2023) Baitursynuly alipbiinin fonematikalyq negizi [Phonemic basis of the Baitursynuly alphabet]. – Tiltanym. – 2023. – No3 (91). – P. 15-24. (in Kazakh)

14. Kuderinova Q.B. (2013) Qazaq zhazuynyn tarihy men teoriasy. Oqu quraly [History and theory of Kazakh writing. Educational tool]. – Almaty: "Eltanym Publishing House", 2013. – 242 p. (in Kazakh)

15. Qazaq bilimpazdarynyn tungysh siezi (QBTS) [First Congress of Kazakh Educationists (KBTS)]. – Orinbor: Kazmembas, 1924. – 121 p. (in Kazakh)

16. Qashqari M. (1997) Turkі tіlder sozdіgі [Dictionary of Turkic languages]. – Almaty: "Khant", 1997. – Volume I – 588 p., Volume II – 585 p., Volume III – 597 p. (in Kazakh)

17. Mamyrbek G. (2019) Emle maselesindegi Zhusipbek Aimauytovtyn ustanymdaryn mysalga aluymyz kerek [We should take as an example the positions of Zhusipbek Aimauytuly on the issue of spelling]. – "Abai.kz" information portal. – March 19. – 2019. (in Kazakh)

18. Maralbek E. (2019) Ahmet Baitursynulynyn tote zhazuy [Akhmet Baitursynuly's short writing]. – Tugan til. – 2019 – No3. – P. 7-20. (in Kazakh)

19. Momynova B. (2022) «Qazaq» gazeti (1913-1918): alipbi, emle erekshelikteri zhane leksika-semantikasy ["Kazakh" newspaper (1913-1918): alphabet, spelling features and vocabulary and grammar]. – Almaty: Kazakh language, 2022. – 256 p. (in Kazakh)

20. Momynova B., Anes G., Anes U. (2023) Особенности правописания и пунктуации в процессе апробации письма усул-сотие (тотэ жазу) в газете «Казах» в начале XX в. (1913-1918 гг.) [Features of spelling and punctuation in the process of approving a letter usul-sotie (tote writing) in the newspaper "Kazakh" at the beginning of the 20th century. (1913- 1918)]. – Vestnik SPBGU. Oriental studies and African studies. – Volume 15. – 2023. – No.3. – P. 568-587. (in Kazakh)

21. Syzdzqova R. (1993) Ahmet Baitursyn zhane qazaq alipbii. Shalqar [Ahmet Baitursyn and the Kazakh alphabet]. – Shalkar. – 1993. – No.40. (in Kazakh)

22. Taiminer (M.Dulatuly). (1923) Zhana zhazu erezheleri [New writing rules]. – "Interesting Kazakhstan" magazine. –1923. – No.17-18. – P. 84-89. (in Kazakh)

23. Uali N. (1999) Ahmet Baitursynuly zhane qazaq zhazuynyn ontogenezdіk damuy [Ahmet Baitursynuly and the ontogeny development of the Kazakh script]. – The great fabric of the national spirit. Collection of scientific articles. – Almaty: Science, 1999. – 568 p. (in Kazakh)