The article deals with the actual problem of the expression of anthropocentrism in proverbs of the Russian, Kazakh, Uzbek, and English languages. The content of the proverb is always anthropocentric, since the moralizing, edification of its meaning is directed at a person, therefore all proverbs are anthropocentric, but the ways of expressing anthropocentrism in them are different – explicit and implicit: a) the explicit (open) expression of anthropocentrism is conveyed by lexemes denoting the concept of person (person, man, woman, he, she, they, ...); b) the implicit (indirect) expression of anthropocentrism is transmitted without the use of lexemes denoting the concept of a person, but their edification, allegory are addressed to a person. Anthropocentrism in proverbs is characterized by generality, collectivity, therefore it is also transmitted by lexemes (names) denoting animals, as well as the plant world, which are characterized by both positive and non-positive qualities. The transfer of anthropocentrism by zoonyms is often associated with religious canons such as the prohibition or permission to eat meat of an animal (for example, a donkey or a pig), since some of them are controversial in the history of religion (for example, pork). Therefore, in some proverbs, the names of such animals have a positive characteristic directed at humans, in others – a negative one. The research material was proverbial dictionaries of four languages, scientific and popular scientific research on this problem and the resulting universal and national-cultural views. The proverbial fund of each language functions with an anthropocentric meaning. During the analysis of the linguistic material, such methods as comparative, semantic-stylistic, historical-comparative, etc. were used, which contributed to obtaining results of theoretical and practical significance. 

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the lexical and semantic use of Kazakh words in the dictionary of V.V. Radlov. The dictionary of V.V. Radlov presents a rich vocabulary of the Kazakh language. The purpose of the research work is to determine the features of the lexical and semantic use of words in the vocabulary of the Kazakh language. The main reason for a separate consideration of this issue is that the semantics of Kazakh words, the main materials on which were collected since the middle of the 19th century and published in the last quarter of the same century, is somewhat different from the semantics of the corresponding words in the modern Kazakh language. Since one hundred and fifty years have passed since then, the existence of a slight difference in the meaning of words of that time from the meaning of words today is a natural phenomenon. Due to the accession to the Russian Empire, complex systemic and structural changes took place in the traditional Kazakh society. Several revolutions took place in Russia, a socialist society was created, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics collapsed, and our country gained independence. And all this could not but affect the structure of the Kazakh word and its semantics. The study of changes in the semantics of words over one hundred and fifty years is an important task of the history and historical lexicology of the Kazakh language. This largely determines the scientific and practical significance of the study. The article uses the methods of selection and systematization of words, semantic grouping, structural description, semantic unification, synchronic and diachronic analysis, comparison. The value of the conducted research on the study of Kazakh vocabulary from the historical-lexicological and historicallexicographic points of view is obvious. 

In the modern era of developed globalization, the main driving force for the formation of a nation, integration as a people, unification as a country, preservation of national traditions is our ethnic mentality, language, religion and actual thinking. The main idea of the study is to cite ethnographic data from the historical novel “Elen-Alan”, which reflects the history, traditions and thoughts of our nation, using local color phraseology, proverbs and sayings in the language of the writer. The article aims to identify the content of individual phrases and phrases that determine the language skills of the writer by conducting an ethnolinguistic study of Ethnography in the language of A. Kekilbayev. The relevance of the study is manifested in the justification within the framework of linguistic ethnographisms that the ethnocultural unity of the writer's language forms a fund of ethnolexic words. The novelty and value of the topic of the article is emphasized by the fact that the study of phrasal phrases and parables related to domestic customs, traditions and customs that reflect the national character in the language of the writer is taken and evaluated in a holistic context. In the course of the study, methods of systematization and description of language material were used. The need to collect ethnographisms in the writer's language and create a systematic dictionary as future perspectives of the research was determined.

This article examines the language of written monuments of medieval Turkic literature in the context of culture. The study was conducted on the material of two major ethnographic and literary monuments of the Karakhanid era – the dictionary “Divani Lugat at-Turk” by M. Kashkari and the poem “Kutadgu Bilik” by Zh.Balasagun. When studying medieval Turkic written monuments, we relied on an anthropocentric paradigm, that is, we consider the language of monuments as an integral part of culture. Special attention is paid to the study of the nature of proverbs and sayings in Turkic monuments, their similarities with proverbs and sayings in the Kazakh language, i.e. their paradigmatic connections. Cultural and linguistic information was emphasized in the monuments that characterize the ethnic culture and worldview of the Turks. Analyzing the ethnocultural vocabulary in two medieval monuments, it was found out that the Turkic peoples were engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry in the Middle Ages. The general similarities of the lifestyle and worldview of the ancient Turkic peoples with modern Turkic peoples, including the Kazakh people, are emphasized. The article proposes a thematic classification of ethnographic vocabulary recorded in two written monuments. As the analysis showed, M.Kashkari’s dictionary contains ethnocultural vocabulary that provides valuable information about the life and culture of the Turkic peoples. We determined the correspondence of the lexical and poetic means of the poem “Kutadgu bilik” with Kazakh poetry.

The purpose of our study is not only to analyze educational phraseologisms from a semantic and structural point of view, but also to determine the ratio of motivated and unmotivated phraseology. While doing our research we have used the following methods: literature review, descriptive method, analysis and synthesis methods. Results: we believe that motivated phraseologisms prevail over unmotivated phraseologisms in English and Russian. Having analyzed the 30 most frequently used phraseological units on the topic of “education”, we can confirm that the ratio of motivated phraseological units in both languages is significantly higher than unmotivated ones. Namely: in the English language, among 30 set expressions, there are 20 motivated phraseological units, which is 67% of the total, and 10 unmotivated phraseological units, which is 33%. As for the Russian language, the picture is the same: we have 20 motivated phraseological units, which is 67%, and 10 unmotivated ones, that is, 33%. In general, the percentage of motivated and unmotivated phraseological units in both languages is the same: 67% motivated set expressions and 33% unmotivated. The results obtained in the process of studying phraseological material can be used in compiling dictionaries, teaching aids for students studying Russian and English.

The intensification of the activity of the Kazakh language in accordance with its state status in all spheres of society, the renewal of its potential strengthened the connection of the language with the form of linguistic consumption, began to influence the requirements of everyday practice. This is evident from the active process of terminology creation in the social, economic, political, scientific and technical spheres. In addition, the core of the neonominational process, which created the interrelationships of language~ society, language~consciousness, language ~ culture, etc., is not only scientific and informational, but also cultural and social content. This is the basis for improving not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative level of modern language development. Therefore, the recognition of the influence of language and culture on each other in the form of new terms and the function of language as a unique means of transmitting culture within the framework of cultural representation is especially relevant. Based on this, new names and terms in the Kazakh language, which also serve as a unique feature of the cognitive level of language users, are considered in the article as a “linguistic picture of the world” in accordance with the process of updating the language. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to compare and characterize the linguocognitive and linguocultural foundations of terminologization processes in modern Kazakh and Turkish languages. The following methods were used in the course of the study: descriptive, comparative, cognitive, ethnolinguistic and conceptual. Also, to determine the cultural and national component structured in the mind of a native speaker in a terminologized word, diachronic, contrasting, definitive were used, and discursive analysis, connotative approach, and motivation methods were used to recognize the process of terminologization. The value of the research: by describing and showing the linguocognitive and linguocultural foundations of terminologization processes in modern Kazakh and Turkish languages, we contribute to the improvement and strengthening of the “Turkic world”. The linguistic data and conclusions presented in the article can be used as practical and theoretical material for research by students, undergraduates, doctoral students and young people studying at the faculties of Philology, Translation Studies, Oriental Studies and Turkology.

The article describes the history of the formation of world associative lexicography, examines the typology and electronic databases of various associative dictionaries, their meaning and purpose in the context of psycholinguistic studies of the content and ethnocultural specificity of the linguistic consciousness of ethnic groups; gives an interpretation of the terminological apparatus used in the study of cognitive and mental processes of speech activity using associative techniques. Using the example of comparing the contents of two Kazakh associative dictionaries – the Soviet (KRAD-78) and the post-reform period (KAD-2014) – the dynamics of changes in the content of the nuclear zones of linguistic consciousness of two generations of students, participants in mass associative experiments, is demonstrated, which is convincing evidence of the serious research potential of associative lexicography and predicts the prospects of this kind of diachronic associative research. Based on the predicted scientific and socio-cultural significance of diachronic comparative associative studies, the article proposes to create another associative dictionary, expanding the list of stimulus words from 120 to 1000 in order to obtain an associative thesaurus of the Kazakh language, which will reflect a certain transformation of the linguistic consciousness of the ethnic group, and elements of stability of its central nuclear zones. 

Any nation's unique identity, traditions, material and spiritual heritage, which have formed since ancient times, are a reflection of the life path of that nation. The heritage from ancient times is not only a simple witness of history for today's generation but also a high pillar of our modern culture. Our goal is to increase the need to study and master the material and spiritual heritage through ethnocultural analysis of the names related to sacred places, introducing onyms, previously excluded from research, into scientific discourse. To achieve this objective, it will be essential to solve the following tasks: Separation of the names related to the public and social life of people in the country into several groups; Classify the names of sacred places based on their lexical-semantic types. The methods of analysis, systematization, ethno linguistic analysis of language data, and descriptive approaches were used during the research. An overview of the works of domestic and foreign scientists of the mentioned nature was made. The need to study and promote sacred places is that they have essential historical, cultural and social-political significance. Sacred places show the depth of the roots of ethnic consciousness and the people's high spiritual level; they are also considered one of the key mechanisms of restoration and renewal of ethnic, historical, cultural and religious memory. Twelve objects along the Syr are included in the list of sacred places of Kazakhstan. They are: Shirik-Rabat town, Zhankent town, Begim Ana tower, Zhent, Syganaq town, Oqshy ata mausoleum, Qorasan ata mausoleum, Tolegetai-Qylyshty Ata mausoleum, Zhanqozha batyr mausoleum, Buqarbai batyr mausoleum, Qorqyt Ata monument complex, icon of Mother of God dedicated to the Sacred Kazan Cathedral (Sacred Kazan Cathedral Icon of God's Mother). Some places are not included in this list. Word formation and lexical-semantic analysis of the names of sacred places were made, and their features were highlighted. Although sacred places in the Syr region are studied from a historical-archaeological, literary, and ethnographic point of view, the article was based on studying them from an ethnolinguistic point of view in connection with the national values characteristic of the ethnos. 

This article analyzes the works of Telzhan Shonanuly, a well-known linguist, prominent figure in Kazakh linguistics at the beginning of the 20th century, talented educator, and representative of the Baitursynuly linguistic school, concerning Kazakh orthography and the Kazakh-Latin alphabet. The scientific articles and reports published by Shonanuly between 1924 and 1930 are used as sources, and issues such as writing, orthography, terminology, and the spelling of foreign words are examined. The article is divided into two main parts: the first part analyzes Shonanuly's works on the spelling of native words and Kazakh orthography in general; the second part considers his scientific and publicistic articles on the spelling of foreign words. We compared these works with complex and contradictory issues of modern Kazakh orthography and the works of A. Baitursynuly, Y. Omaruly and tried to reveal the content, essence, novelty and continuity of traditions. As a result of the research, the role and contribution of T. Shonanuly in the formation and development of Kazakh writing and orthography are given due recognition. This article is intended for researchers of Alash linguistics, scholars studying writing theory, and readers interested in the history of Kazakh linguistics. 

The article describes ritual rituals as one of the most important components of the spiritual life and culture of an ethnic group. They are considered as a phenomenon that transfers the norms, values and practices of the linguocultural collective from generation to generation. Accordingly, the purpose of the research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the second-meaning scriptonyms, which are stored in the genetic memory of a person as structural-unconscious knowledge and are formed on the basis of ritual rituals. To achieve the purpose of the study, conclusions about the secondary meaning, representation of linguistic data related to ritual rituals are analyzed, linguocultural codes are identified and analyzed. The definition of the methods of semantic transition of secondary significant scriptonyms, linguocultural codes formed on the basis of ritual rituals within the framework of the anthropospecific paradigm is recognized as a method of determining the ethnic identity and peculiarities of the linguistic consciousness of the Kazakh people. The article uses etymological analysis, conceptual and lingucultural interpretation methods to reveal the meaning of language usages that have a secondary meaning.As a result of the research work, it is determined that among the language units that make up the action code, taboo words are often the catalyst for scriptonyms. In particular, the modern linguistic representation of scriptonyms, which have acquired a secondary meaning, is supported by examples from the pages of works and fiction about Kazakh customs and traditions. The scriptonyms analyzed in the research work and the linguocultural and conceptual concepts assigned to them can be used as a means of facilitating intercultural participation, in explaining the meaning and etymology of native words of the Kazakh language in a foreign language audience.

The article aims at reviewing, comparing, and contrasting the existing practices of analyzing official statements as a part of diplomatic discourse. An official statement is broadly defined as a document which contains information on a current topic with specific lexis and brief content. The official statements are mostly produced by presidents and diplomats, and they tend to be shorter than other types of diplomatic texts. In discourse analysis, official statements are often regarded as means of establishing diplomatic relations, hence the majority of works addressing them are in the sphere of diplomatic discourse. As a part of intercultural communication, the issue of translating official statements from Kazakh into English was raised. The article applies a descriptive, comparative method of research and translation analysis. The scientific novelty of the given article is justified due to the fact that official statements have not been considered broadly from translation perspectives. The research is significant from the theoretical and practical viewpoint as it highlights the most prominent strategies of researching official statements within discourse analysis and translation issues.

It is known that the norms of writing in any language are subject to changes under the influence of internal linguistic processes and external factors of influence. In this regard, the works aimed at studying the issues of linguistic norms, spelling, punctuation, regulation and consolidation of new linguistic phenomena identified in the context of modern realities, legalizing orthograms that have become familiar in the practice of writing, seem very relevant and promising. In accordance with the purpose of our research work, the article examines certain aspects of the issue of applying the rules and norms established by the rules of punctuation and spelling of the Kazakh language in modern writing practice, focuses on a number of rules that are often not taken into account when writing by writers, types of orthograms that introduce inconsistencies in the unity of word transmission, their relation to the norms of the language and the reasons for their use in practice. The research uses methods of collection, selection, systematization of linguistic material, as well as descriptive, statistical, comparative methods and the method of orthological analysis. The results of the study and the recommendations presented make a definite contribution to the unification of words with various variations in modern writing practice, additions and clarifications of spelling rules, and improvement of language literacy of students.

The relevance of the research is due to the need to develop a «Historical poetic subcorpus» of the National Corpus of the Kazakh Language (hereinafter – the NCKL) as an information and innovation base of the state language, a scientific research and educational Internet resource. The text base of the "Historical Poetic subcorpus" should cover the texts of written monuments of the VI – XIX centuries. However, at the initial stage of the development of the «Historical Poetic subcorpus», Old Kazakh poetic texts of the XV-XIX centuries will be included in the database. The written legacies of this period are written in Arabic graphics. Manuscripts of written legacies have two or more versions, and the vast majority of handwritten texts are now written in Cyrillic. Before entering such texts into the corpus database, linguistic and textual processing and correction are carried out. The purpose of the article is to study the experience of creating a poetic subcorpus of other languages, to conduct a linguotextological analysis of Arabic and Cyrillographic texts, to consider the issues of developing meta-labeling of texts of the "Historical poetic subcorpus" of the NCKL. This implies the following research objectives: firstly, to analyze the experiences of other languages in the development of a poetic subcorpus and to identify their advantages; secondly, to conduct a linguotextological analysis with a comparison of Arabic and Cyrillic texts; thirdly, to determine the parameters of historical poetic meta-markup. The practical significance of the study. The digitization of texts of historical poetic heritage and the development of a database of corpus texts contributes to the provision of a new system of philological, ethnolinguistic knowledge, the creation of scientific linguistic research. 

In the educational space of Kazakhstan, the concept of academic writing has been developed recently. Researchers are exploring it from both practical and theoretical perspectives, and it is being introduced in new ways at higher educational institutions. However, today social networks are not only a means of communication and entertainment, they are also a learning platform that offers various educational applications for students. Looking from this point of view, it is too early to say that the problems of academic writing in our country have been completely solved. The purpose of our study is to create an electronic content of academic writing in the Kazakh language and prepare digital language simulators and dictionaries that teach academic writing skills. To achieve this goal, we conducted a number of empirical studies. In particular, our study consisted of several stages: the works of domestic and foreign scientists were differentiated in order to determine the theories and practices of academic writing in the educational space of Kazakhstan and methods and approaches for teaching academic skills in other countries. To determine its content, an empirical analysis of research papers’ types of three local higher educational institutions was carried out, and comparative analysis were also conducted  between the bulletins of scientific periodicals. When analyzing the structure of writing an essay, which is also a type of scientific writing, criteria for its evaluation were proposed. Based on the collected data, the works of foreign authors who were looking for methods of using network devices in the field of education were studied, these data were grouped in order to create a digital language simulator for developing the skills of academic writing of Kazakh students. 

The article is devoted to the analysis of the conflict discourse of social media using the example of cases of public figures on the social network Facebook. The purpose of the work is to theoretically interpret the conflict discourse of social media and develop new methods of digital conversation in cyberspace. The study is based on the analysis of media texts of public figures on the social network Facebook, where conflict communication is built in the context of media activity. The author attempts to present a conditional typology of the causes of conflict in the text. The scientific significance of the study lies in the possibility of identifying new methods of digital conversation in social media. Specific cases are given using language tools as circumstances leading to certain conflict situations, manifested in the form of response posts, comments, video and audio messages. The practical significance of the topic lies in the use of new methods of digital communication during the construction of effective relationships between communicants on media platforms, since currently "opinion leaders" form public opinion and influence government processes. The research methodology is based on the use of comparative, textual and linguistic analyses of precedent electronic media texts with signs of "hate speech". The results of the research work substantiate the need for a prompt response to the dynamism of the growth of hate rhetoric on the part of society and the state, strengthening the methods of legal counteraction and ethical regulation, as well as increasing the media and information literacy of the population. From the point of view of professionalization of the blogosphere, it makes sense to use media technologies for conflict resolution, promote the concept of a respectful interactive environment and strengthen measures to counter hate speech in social networks.

Written communication in modern society plays a key role in the modern world, in which new features of the national literary norm are manifested and reflected in the dynamics of language. New linguistic features or speech changes in the national literary norm are clearly manifested in the language of the periodical press, one of the authoritative fields of written communication. The peculiarities in the dynamics of language are directly related to the main functions of periodicals: the functions of information transmission and impact. Especially at the present stage, in many genres of the press devoted to the artistic description of facts, the function of influence prevails in the interests of attracting and retaining the reader's attention. In this regard, the language of the press uses linguistic units related to the categories of relevance of the word and expressiveness of the word.

The purpose of the article is to provide justification for determining the concept of the relevance of the word and the expressiveness of the word on the basis of empirical material and scientific conclusions collected and selected from a modern periodical publishing house and to assess from the point of view of speech culture.

The issues discussed in the article and the results obtained can be used in in-depth scientific and practical research of areas in the field of speech culture in Kazakh linguistics, functional stylistics, the language of periodicals, linguopragmatics.

Social media platforms have emerged as indispensable tools for political leaders to communicate directly with citizens, offering insights into the values and sentiments shaping American exceptionalism. This comprehensive analysis delves into President Joe Biden's Twitter account to identify features and examples of the American national character reflected in his communication. It aims to identify peculiarities of his language on Twitter. Through a meticulous examination of Joe Biden's 498 tweets posted between January and March 2024, this study uncovers recurring themes, values, and sentiments that resonate with commonly held beliefs and ideals associated with American exceptionalism. Utilizing natural language processing techniques, statistical descriptive analysis, and content analysis, Joe Biden's communication strategies and their implications for shaping public perception were elucidated, fostering national unity, and reinforcing democratic values. Analyzing Joe Biden's Twitter posts with the words “America” and “American” this article provides a detailed understanding of how the president uses Twitter to express his views on the United States.

This study attempts to shed light on the use of phraseological units within the context of American newspaper discourse. Phraseological units play a crucial role in shaping the language of news articles, influencing style, tone, and communicative efficacy. The research explores the distinct characteristics of phraseological units used in newspapers, considering their functions and impact on reader engagement. The investigation presents a comprehensive analysis of newspaper articles published in the two leading daily American newspapers such as The New York Times and The Washington Post, drawing on linguistic frameworks to explore the specific usage patterns and contextual nuances of phraseological units. Through the analysis of newspaper stories published between September and December 2023, this work explores the peculiarities of fifty-two phraseological units across the boundaries of political and science news articles. The theoretical foundation of the study was provided by the works of Kopylenko (1978), Naciscione (2010), Fairclough (1995), Minaeva (2022), and other scholars who investigated the fields of phraseology and newspaper discourse. The findings reveal the nuanced link between phraseological units and journalistic goals, providing insight into how these linguistic tools promote clear and powerful communication. The results indicate that a bigger number of phrasal verbs comprise an adverbial particle up to account for more than 35% of thirty-one occurrences identified, and subsequent analysis revealed clusters of meaning extensions for the same particle. From the research, it is obvious that phrasal verbs are observed to enhance brevity and clarity, while idiomatic expressions are used to bring a note of expressiveness into the discourse. Scientific conclusions on the use of phraseological units in the American newspapers are also presented.

The global Internet network creates new conditions of communication, in which, under the influence of certain factors, the formation and realisation of interaction between the participants of Internet communication takes place. The purpose of the article is to determine the factors of formation and realization of virtual language personality in the Kazakhstani blogosphere, namely cultural and social aspects of its formation.The paper presents a brief review of studies devoted to the study of virtual linguistic personality in different aspects. The peculiarities of formation and expression of linguistic identity in the virtual environment are considered, with a focus on the blogo sphere of Kazakhstan. The authors analyze thematic and genre orientation, preferences in the use of a particular language by bloggers for self-presentation and interaction with the audience; they give examples of blogs whose content is characterized by national specifics. They give examples of blogs, the content of which is distinguished by national specificity. The research is based on the analysis of blog texts, comments and reactions of the audience, as well as on interviews with active participants of the Kazakhstani blogosphere. The results of the work will allow to better understand the peculiarities of linguistic personality in the context of the Kazakhstani virtual environment and identify the main factors that influence the formation of linguistic culture and identity of virtual linguistic personality in the Kazakhstani blogosphere.  

Currently, the issue of using precedent texts in the media is an interesting and relevant topic. Precedent phenomena are manifestations that convey and shape national cultural values. That is why journalists widely use such quotation structures in their texts. In this way, they show the uniqueness of their work, increase the reader's interest, quickly attract attention, and can convey information succinctly. The purpose of our article on studying this issue is to analyze and collect precedent texts found in the media. To achieve this goal, it was supposed to solve the following tasks: defining the concepts of precedent phenomenon, precedent text; determine the main role of precedent text in modern journalism; focus on the main sources of precedents; consideration of cognitive and linguocultural aspects of precedent texts in newspaper discourse. Description, analysis and comparison methods are used in the research. In the main part of our article the survey was conducted among Kazakh-speaking and Russian-speaking youth. As a result of the study, the appearance of precedent texts on the pages of the press was analyzed. By conducting a survey, the recognition and acceptance of precedent texts in the knowledge of young people was determined. The works “Shyragyn sonbesin”, “Oyangan olke”, “Oyan, Qazaq!” are studied as a precedent text in newspaper discourse. The results of the study can be used in teaching the subjects of stylistics, text linguistics, and journalism in educational institutions.