The article examines the linguistic and cultural meanings of the names of wells in the Mangystau region. Historical and etymological analysis of the names of the wells revealed the influence of the traditions of local residents and people who inhabited or traveled through these arid landscapes. Historical research has been conducted in the article. It was determined that the well is important for life in the harsh desert climate, and the role of the nomadic local population in the naming of wells. The article studied the languages of origin and dialects of the names of wells and traced how various linguistic elements were included in these toponyms. The cultural significance of the well's name has been studied. The article proved that it is possible to contribute to the preservation of the cultural and linguistic heritage of Mangystau by offering an etymological study to understand how geographical names serve as evidence of human interaction with the landscape. Methods were used that proved effective for studying the etymology of the names of wells in Mangystau: linguistic analysis, historical research, geographical analysis, comparative analysis. Using these complex methods, the article found that well toponymy occupies an important place as the linguistic and geographical heritage of Mangystau. The article provides an etymological analysis of 20 names of wells in the Mangystau region. The names of wells were recognized not only as toponymic, but also as linguistic and geographical units as objects reflecting the history and culture of the region. The practical significance of the article is emphasized by explaining the ethnocultural significance of the names of wells.

The article is dedicated to exploring the characteristic features of the Kazakh and Turkish paremiological funds. The aim of this research is to identify the synergistic connections between Kazakh and Turkish proverbs and sayings, as well as their common and distinctive features. Scientific-theoretical research methods were utilized to achieve the research goal. An analysis was conducted within the framework of 340 paremic units in Kazakh and 309 in Turkish languages. As a result of this study, the author concluded that Kazakh and Turkish proverbs exhibit a certain complex of similarities and differences in cognitive, ethnolinguistic, pragmatic, and synergistic aspects. Synergistic connections of paremia were analyzed, considered as separate logical units, linguistic phenomena, forms of artistic perception of the surrounding world, highlighting their special role in contemporary Eastern culture. It is important to study paremia as separate linguistic units reflecting the mentality of the nation, its worldview, and attitude towards the surrounding world. The call of each generation to revive the national, traditional, cultural, and everyday ethnic relations of their ancestors justifies the relevance of the proposed topic. The study of the Kazakh-Turkish paremiological fund in the aspect of linguo-synergetics, analysis of the common and specific features of proverbs related to the Kipchak and Oghuz groups, as well as the statistical-semantic analysis of lexemes of the Kazakh-Turkish paremiological fund demonstrate the originality and novelty of the research.

The relevance of comparative studies of structurally heterogeneous languages has not diminished recently in science. One of the problems attracting such scientific attention is the “creation/destruction” dichotomy in English and Russian. Researchers in this field have prioritised the study of the “creation/destruction” dichotomy in terms of a deep understanding of human cognition and behaviour. This dichotomy includes cognitive and structural-semantic aspects, each of which has a great capacity to convey information from a cognitive perspective. Cognitively, it includes processes such as imagination, creativity, cognitive biases, and mechanisms such as memory, attention, and perception. Structurally and semantically, it takes on a conceptual character that defines the essence and application of structures‘ of “creation/destruction”. The article analyses empirical material in two languages in order to explain the essence of the “creation/destruction” dichotomy found in English and Russian, and describes the relative meaning. The study will consider linguistic, cognitive and structural aspects of the mentioned structure and review the works of researchers and investigators in this field. The paper also discusses the cognitive and structural-semantic aspects of the dichotomy “creation/destruction” and their use in an educational setting. Empirical studies have shown that cooperative learning, reflection, imaginative play, and addressing cognitive biases have a positive impact on the educational experience. Critical thinking, problem-solving skills, creativity, and metacognition have been found to be enhanced in students by incorporating these outcomes into the teaching and learning process.

 In general, the psycho-cultural features of a personality, expressing the principles of its existence (clothing, behaviour, culture of speech and other values), reflect the essence of a nation. In particular, the norms of behaviour, considered today as an object of study of psychological science, are also considered a special category from the point of view of linguocultural and ethno-cultural aspects. After all, from the communicative, pragmatic, discursive side, human behaviour reflects the culture not only of different social groups and organisations, but also of one nation or country. Therefore, the study of the concept of behaviour as an ethnolinguistic, linguocultural phenomenon is of great scientific importance. Accordingly, the article considers the ethnocultural sphere of ethnolinguistic adjectives and stable expressions characterising human behaviour. The lexical-semantic groups of adjectives expressing behavioural peculiarities are singled out, the common features of the mentioned lexical units for several cultures are differentiated. The synonymic-antonymic series of adjectives expressing human behaviour with positive and negative semantics was compared with other languages belonging to the Altaic language group and attention was paid to their etymology. The authors, relying on the works of Russian and foreign linguistic scientists, dwelled in detail on the ethnolinguistic meaning of those word units that are not often used in the modern linguistic fund. And also the analysis of the basics of linguoculturology, slangs and invective expressions characterising some negative features of human behaviour was carried out, comparing them with metaphorical comparisons in the Kazakh, Russian, Altai languages. Ethnolinguistics and ethnoculturology view adjectives as a multifaceted phenomenon reflecting the worldview and cultural values of a people. This study integrates these two disciplines to comprehensively analyze the linguistic and cultural heritage of the Kazakh people.

Word formation is one of the ways to enrich the lexical layer of a particular language. Affixation, in turn, is one of the productive ways of new word formation. For agglutinative languages, including Turkic, affixation – the formation of words using affixes, is primarily of practical importance. This paper attempts to consider the word-forming affixes expressing the producer of actions in medieval Turkic, in particular the Mamluk-Kipchak language, which was used in Egypt and Syria in the 13-15 centuries during the reign of the Mamluks, as well as modern Turkic languages, such as Kazakh and Turkish, the official languages of Kazakhstan and Türkiye (former Turkey) respectively. Kazakh belongs to the Kipchak group of Turkic languages, Turkish belongs to the Oghuz group, and Mamluk-Kipchak language, is a mix between them, which can be traced in the lexical, morphological and syntactic composition. Word-forming affixes -çı, -çi, -çu, -çü, -şy, -şı which indicate ‘profession or employment in something; position; belief in something; thoughts; love for something; geographical names; also produce terms’ are attached to the root – noun. In addition, a parallel between the affixes of the producer of the action in meaning and functions will be drawn in those languages.

This article discusses the challenges of identifying and describing prosodic characteristics in languages of different types, such as Kazakh and English. It explores the specific features of native language prosody that arise from the interaction of phonetic systems of both native and non-native languages in the speech of bilingual speakers learning a foreign language in academic settings. The prosodic organization of syntagms, which are semantic-intonational and grammatical units of speech, is examined in detail. The research reveals that the syntagm plays a crucial role in describing suprasegmental features of speech, and its prosodic properties depend on the phonetic structure of each language. Differences in the perception of stress in different segments of speech indicate varying functional significance of stress in the systems of Kazakh and English languages. The study utilizes structural analysis of intonation and is descriptive in nature, incorporating analysis of relevant scientific literature on the research topic. This analysis serves as the basis for an in-depth study of the differences between the prosodic structures of the Kazakh and English languages.

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of space in the worldview of the Kazakhs. Space, as a TILTANYM №4 (96) 2024 81 universal category of human thought characteristic of all ethnic groups and eras, is examined across various fields of scientific knowledge such as mathematics, physics, geography, philosophy, and linguistics. The concept of space in the article is analyzed within the consciousness of Turkic peoples, particularly in the mentality of the Kazakhs, over an extended historical period. The purpose of the article is to explore the peculiarities of how space is perceived and understood by the Kazakh people through the analysis of a literary work. The analysis is based on Ilyas Yesenberlin’s trilogy ”Nomads”, where attention is drawn to key lexical markers of Turkic nomadic culture, such as “steppe,” “land,” and “road” (“path”). The semantic analysis of these lexical markers reveals their polysemy, showcasing various aspects of how space is understood in the consciousness of the Kazakh people. Some of these markers contain sememes that express dynamism, movement, and the vastness of space. As a result of the study, it was concluded that in the Kazakh worldview, space represents a fundamental universal category closely associated with the traditional nomadic way of life and movement through space, which is undoubtedly shaped by the historical lifestyle of the Kazakhs and their habitation in the vast steppe.

This article deals with the historical and etymological aspects of the names of water bodies of the Zhetysu region, namely, the ancient Turkic beginning of the names. The study of the etymological content of ancient Turkic names allows a deep understanding of the worldview, the degree of education of people of the period under study. The purpose of the article is to study the foundations of education of the population through an etymological analysis of the archischeme of names, the understanding of the meanings of which, at the present stage, causes difficulties due to structural, sound changes (Lavar, Labasy, etc.), to show the structural specifics of the names. The leading idea of the study is to identify the reasons why the names of water bodies, which are the oldest and most stable layer of toponomics, reflect the main points of life, as well as the history of the development of the Kazakh people. The introductory part presents information that reveals the continuity of language and culture in accordance with anthropolinguistic studies, based on the analysis of studies of deep meaningful linguistic layers that bear the imprints of different periods of national culture. The use of methods of linguistic research of the topological space made it possible to reflect in the article the identified ethno-cultural semantics underlying the ancient hydronyms. The main results were obtained based on the analysis of the names of specific bodies of water that have appeared since time immemorial. The scientific value of the study lies in the significance of the results obtained for research in the field of ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, etc. In addition, the data obtained may be of factual interest for compilers of dictionaries, texts in the field of linguoculturology, ethnolinguistics.

Recent linguistic research is aimed at studying the role and place of linguistic units in the human conceptual sphere, and much attention is paid to the linguistic and cultural aspect of language. The comprehensive study of a certain linguistic culture expands the horizons of understanding, contributing to a deeper understanding of the worldview of the people. And the exchange of information and values in intercultural communication promotes mutual understanding and broadens the horizons of each culture. The ethnospecific concept «Bereke» was chosen as the object of research, since it is culturally significant for native speakers, native and developing, which reveals the nature of the linguistic and cultural code of the language. The concept of «Bereke» is considered as a linguistic and cultural code that combines national cultural and value aspects. The concept of «Bereke» in Kazakh culture is multi-layered and multi-valued. His research allows for a deeper understanding of the cultural, social and historical features of Kazakh culture. This concept embodies important aspects of Kazakh life such as unity, well-being, connection with nature and spiritual wealth. The research work was carried out on the material of the National Corpus of the Kazakh language, and data from lexicographic sources were also used.

The article examines the typological features of the linguistic situation in the Soviet and independence periods, the number of ethno-linguistic structures in the linguistic environment, the level of ethnolinguistic diversity, the share of the population speaking each language, the demographic potential of linguistic structures, the functions performed by each linguistic structure concerning the total number of communicative services, as well as the comparative communicative capacity of linguistic structures and their legal status. In other words, the nature of state regulation of the ratio of languages, the level of genetic proximity of the languages that make up the linguistic situation, the ethnic origin of the prestigious language in the current linguistic situation, and the assessment of the languages jointly used by society are analyzed. It should be noted that the Soviet period in the article refers to the twenty-year period before the year of independence. Relevance of the article: due to the multi-ethnic structure and cultural diversity of Kazakhstan, language policy affects not only the country's social stability and economic development but also cultural integration (). Since gaining independence, changes in language policy and the analysis of the current linguistic situation have become especially relevant. Novelty: the study presents the transformation of the linguistic situation in Kazakhstan by comparing the language policy of the Soviet period and its long-term consequences with the period of independence. New trends and tendencies are identified, new sources are analyzed, including recent studies and statistical data. The sociolinguistic characteristics of the current linguistic situation are assessed, the role of the Kazakh language is examined, and possible directions for its further development are predicted. Practical significance: the results of the study can be useful to scientists and specialists in the field of language policy, sociolinguists, sociologists, and political scientists to improve the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, develop intercultural communication, and support multilingualism. In addition, the study provides an opportunity to develop practical recommendations for the implementation of language policy in the education system and in the field of culture.

Technical terms of the Kazakh language are formed in different ways. Morphological, lexico-semantic methods of termination are mainly used, linking terminology with the entire lexical system of the language. Recently, the issues of the termination of common words and the problem of the metaphorization of new industry terms have been widely studied. The purpose of the authors of this article is to study and analyze the metaphorical way of forming Kazakh language terms in the field of petrochemistry and oil refining, to group and classify them by thematic models. During the study of lexical units of terminological dictionaries published in the field of oil refining and petrochemistry in the Kazakh language, it was revealed that the metaphorization of a large number of terms is formed by modeling their semantics and similarity with a person, his environment and actions, clothing, household items and equipment, animals, birds and their actions. Also, based on the study of the experience of world and domestic terminology, through the study and analysis of dictionaries of the oil refining and petrochemical industries, it was determined that the metaphorization of the terms of these industries is carried out by semantic similarity of meanings, concepts of words with specific features or similarity of the appearance of the substance, or the function of the object and equipment. The presented article classifies the linguistic and structural aspects of the terms of the Kazakh language of the analyzed dictionary and is grouped by the thematic model "The world of petrochemistry and oil refining – Man". The results of the analysis on the ways to create terminological dictionary units formed by analogy by comparing them with a person and his life, actions, activities and relationships, etc., their quantitative and percentage indicators were shown using diagrams. During the analysis of the dictionary, it was found that the metaphorical way of creating industry-wide terms, including petrochemistry and the oil refining industry, is one of the most productive ways of terminology formation.

The article discusses the lexical and cultural semantics of religious words. The cultural semantics of religious words is revealed in connection with the knowledge, faith, and national existence of the people and additionally includes information of religious content. The reason is, traditional religious knowledge is the core of our national identity. It is known that the daily life, customs, beliefs and existence of the Kazakh people are connected with the religion of Islam. In this regard, religious words are found in oral and written literature, fairy tales, proverbs and sayings. The article analyzes the religious words found in the works of “Word of the Ancestors”. Descriptive, ethnolinguistic, lexico-semantic methods were used. The lexical and cultural semantic analysis of religious words in the article is of theoretical and practical importance. In particular, it is useful research for creating a Linguistic and Cultural dictionary, replenishing the National Corpus Base, and the work of doctoral and undergraduate students.

Phonetic-phonological methods and models of automatic text recognition are considered in the article, the phonemic principle of the Kazakh language is shown. An overview of the works of scientists who first discussed the adaptation of Kazakh texts to the computer, substantiated the theory, implemented the practice and demonstrated it in practice was also made. Today, computer and information technologies, artificial intelligence are constantly updating the process of their development in accordance with the new trends of time. Such information technologies include computers, smartphones, gadgets, etc. and these devices are actively used by consumers in everyday life. That's why automatic text recognition needs to be improved and updated day by day. Today, sound automation opens a new facet of Kazakh science. In the written language, the phonemic principle is of special importance. According to this principle, only one grapheme should always be used for each phoneme in the writing system. Such a position will undoubtedly make the letter more coherent and easy to read. Thanks to this, new possibilities of the Kazakh language will be considered. The main results of automatic text recognition can already be seen in the development of the National Corpus of the Kazakh language, which is ready to satisfy the various requests of any reader.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Corpus of Contemporary American English (СOCA) corpus-based activities on the performance of Kazakhstani students in English Language Teaching (ELT) and the learners' attitudes regarding the corpus-based approach. Thirty-three 2nd year students at Al-Fаrabi Kazakh National University participated in the study (proficiency level in English was Intermediate (B1)). The second-year students were randomized into two intact groups, one for experimentation and the other for control. The participants were expected to learn three grammar structures and vocabulary related to technology, podcasts, and art by the end of the study. Participants in the control group learned grammar and vocabulary structures through coursebook materials, whereas those in the experimental group learned these concepts through corpus-based exercises. The data were collected through pre-test, post-test, and an 8- item-questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale as quantitative instruments. According to a statistical analysis of the posttest findings, the corpus-based exercises proved more successful than the coursebook contents. Furthermore, the approach questionnaire analysis showed that students' views regarding applying corpus-based learning activities in ELT were neutral.

This article examines the artistic and expressive elements of M. Zhumabayev's poem “Homeland” and their translations into Russian and Turkish from both linguistic and cultural perspectives. Artistic and expressive elements are crucial for the 'embellishment' of any literary work, encapsulating the author's distinctive style. These elements, whether explicitly or implicitly meaningful, hold significant potential for impacting the reader, posing a substantial challenge for translators aiming to maintain the original's level of artistry. M. Zhumabayev's poetry is a treasured component of Kazakh literature, frequently translated into various languages worldwide. Despite this, translation quality and constructive criticism have yet to converge into systematic research. This article aims to identify the artistic and expressive means in Zhumabayev's “Homeland”, interpret their functional and cognitive roles, and conduct a comparative semantic and structural analysis of two Russian translations and two Turkish translations, highlighting differences. The research methodology is grounded in contemporary translation studies. Through this analysis, the article examines the translation methods and strategies employed in rendering the poem from Kazakh into Russian and Turkish, assesses their impact on the original work, explores the pros and cons of each approach, and considers how the translator's gender identity might influence the translation. Finally, it articulates general principles of poetic translation.

This article explores the features and frequency of old book vocabulary in the works of Abai Kunanbaiuly through the methods of statistical linguistics, which is a branch of applied linguistics. The aim of the study is to uncover the linguistic characteristics of the poet's legacy and scientifically substantiate the significance of his literary heritage in the context of Kazakh literature and culture. The influence of words borrowed from Arabic, Persian, and Chagatai languages on the Kazakh language, as well as their semantic continuity in modern Kazakh, is analyzed. Additionally the frequency of lexical units is determined using statistical linguistic methods. The works of Abai Kunanbaiuly are a valuable part of Kazakh literature and culture. The old book vocabulary in his works played a significant role in the development of the Kazakh literary language. This study examines the borrowed words in Abai's works from lexical and semantic perspectives, determining their frequency. The relevance of the study lies in identifying the scope and importance of borrowed words in the Kazakh language. The academic complete collection of Abai Kunanbaiuly's works was used as the research material. A text database of 51,207 word usages was created during the lexical analysis. Frequency indicators of words were determined through statistical linguistic methods, and the semantic analysis examined the transition of borrowed words from Arabic, Persian, and Chagatai into the Kazakh language. The study identified the most frequently used words and parts of speech in Abai's works. A high frequency of verbs and nouns was observed (verbs: 14,956 occurrences; nouns: 14,119 occurrences). Old book vocabulary in Abai Kunanbaiuly’s works demonstrates the lexical and semantic richness of the Kazakh language. The results of the statistical linguistic analysis provide quantitative and qualitative evidence of the poet's contribution to national literature and culture. The findings highlight the importance of old book vocabulary in the historical development of Kazakh literature and language.

This paper presents an analysis of occasionalisms in autochthonous languages encountered in the work of renowned fantasy writer Brandon Sanderson. Occasionalisms, the linguistic elements specific to a particular context or event, play a key role in the construction of the countries and cultures of his works, adding authenticity and depth to the universes the writer creates. In this paper, the semantics of occasionalisms is examined alongside with their impact on understanding the cultural specificities and social relations within the authorial world. This phenomenon is examined through the whole text, analyzed statistically and distinguished by modality categories. The aspects of linguistic creativity manifested in the creation of these unique linguistic elements and their role in text and narrative are highlighted. It lightens the fact that linguistic creativity is reflected in the author's idiostyle, which creates unique ethnonyms, paroemias and other language elements recognizable in the author's world and enrich the author's words as they play a key role in shaping the unique artistic experience that distinguishes Sanderson's work from other works of fantasy. This study is important in terms of understanding the authorial text and the relationship between author and reader.